Everything about Semantic Network totally explained
A
semantic network is often used as a form of
knowledge representation. It is a
directed or
undirected graph consisting of
vertices, which represent
concepts, and
edges, which represent
semantic relations between the concepts.
Semantic network construction
An example of a semantic network is
WordNet, a
lexical database of
English. It groups English words into sets of synonyms called
synsets, provides short, general definitions, and records the various semantic relations between these synonym sets. ome of the most common semantic relations defined are
meronymy (A is part of B, for example B has A as a part of itself),
holonymy (B is part of A, for example A has B as a part of itself),
hyponymy (or
troponymy) (A is subordinate of B; A is kind of B),
hypernymy (A is superordinate of B),
synonymy (A denotes the same as B) and
antonymy (A denotes the opposite of B).
Wordnet properties have been studied from a
network theory perspective and compared to other semantic networks created from
Roget's Thesaurus and
word association tasks respectively yielding the three of them a
small world structure.
It is also possible to represent logical descriptions using semantic networks such as the
existential Graphs of
Charles S. Peirce or the related
Conceptual Graphs of
John F. Sowa. These have expressive power equal to or exceeding standard
first-order predicate logic. Unlike WordNet or other lexical or browsing networks, semantic networks using these can be used for reliable automated logical deduction. Some automated reasoners exploit the graph-theoretic features of the networks during processing.
There are also elaborate types of semantic networks connected with corresponding sets of software tools used for
lexical knowledge engineering, like the Semantic Network Processing System (
SNePS) of
Stuart C. Shapiro
or the
MultiNet paradigm of
Hermann Helbig, especially suited for the semantic representation of natural language expressions and used in several
NLP applications.
History
"Semantic Nets" were first invented for computers by
Richard H. Richens of the
Cambridge Language Research Unit in
1956 as an "
interlingua" for
machine translation of natural languages. They were developed by
Robert F. Simmons at
System Development Corporation in the early 1960s and later featured prominently in the
work of Collins and Quillian, and Collins and Loftus. In the 1960s to 1980s the idea of a
semantic link was developed within
hypertext systems as the most basic unit, or edge, in a semantic network. These ideas were extremely influential, and there have been many attempts to add
typed link semantics to
HTML and
XML.
References
Further Information
Get more info on 'Semantic Network'.
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